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LA Nina

La Nina, which normally follows an El Nino event, is linked with increased probability of wetter conditions in the western Pacific, particularly in eastern Australia and Asia, and drier conditions in South America. This may result in Indonesia having some rainfall during the dry season and rice farmers in Thailand could expect ample water supply as the dry season ends. In India, the monsoon is progressing and government officials are still assessing the impact of La Nina on crops. La Nina brings joy to Australian farmers, who are sowing their winter crop that includes wheat and barley , before harvests begin in late 2010.

The El Nino in Asia, which is the world’s biggest supplier of palm oil and rubber and a key producer of coffee, sugar, cocoa and rice, has brought hotter weather to farms and plantations, drying out trees and curbing yields.

Historically, about 35 to 40 percent of El Nino events are followed by a La Nina within the same year.

(Reuters News, Jun 11, 2010)

Landfills Emissions

The European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2008 and inventory report 2010, by the European Environment Agency to asses whether EU countries are on target to meet Kyoto Protocol emissions targets, found that in 2008, UK landfill contributed 20,150 gigagrams (gg) of methane – 30.2% to the total EU15 waste methane emissions, which stood at 66,749gg. The next largest polluter was Spain, which was responsible for a 15.7% share of waste methane emissions, followed by Italy and Germany, who each contributed 14.3% and 11.3% respectively.

The report says that despite the high contribution to waste EU methane emissions in 2008, the UK successfully reduced its landfill gas output between 1990 and 2008 by 59%, or 29,475gg. The report claims this was due to “the implementation of methane recovery systems at UK landfill sites, that reached a maximum in 2005”. Waste produced a total of 102 teragrams (tg) of combined emissions, or around 3% of the total EU emissions which stood at 3,790tg for the year. The largest contributor was energy which contributed 3,168tg,  followed by agricultural processes, which added 378tg.

The report commented: “The reduction of GHG emissions in the UK was primarily the result of liberalising energy markets and the subsequent fuel switches from oil and coal to gas in electricity production and N2O emission reduction measures in the production of adipic acid.”

(Materials Recycling Week, Jun 10, 2010)

UN Climate Text

The Copenhagen summit last year struggled to overcome suspicion on how to share global effort to curb greenhouse gases under a new deal to succeed the Kyoto Protocol after 2012, but no conclusive decisions were taken, and as agreed on June 1, 2010, 185 countries again met in Bonn to discuss climate change. The meet lasted till June 11. The talks wound down with small steps towards an elusive deal.

A streamlined climate draft, meant to help talks on a new pact, excluded some of the most draconian options for greenhouse gas cuts and dropped all references to “Copenhagen”. However, the new blueprint was criticized by almost every country. .The developing nations in the group of 77 and China said in a statement, “The group is dismayed that the ... text is unbalanced,” saying that the 22-page text wrongly put emphasis on greenhouse gas curbs by poor and not rich.

The new text outlines a goal of cutting world emissions of greenhouse gases by “at least 50-85 percent from 1990 levels by 2050” and for developed nations to cut emissions by at least 80-95 percent from 1990 levels by mid-century.

Among rich nations, the United States said it would study the text but that some elements were “unacceptable.” The European Union also expressed “concerns” about the text, which updates a previous 42-page draft rejected last week.

Margaret Mukahanana-Sangarwe of Zimbabwe, who chairs the UN talks on action by all nations to slow global warming, said the text would be updated for a next meeting in Bonn in August.

(Environmental News Network, Jun 12, 2010)
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